1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.3 Panggil periode
1.4 Block
1.5 Family unsur
transisi Metal
lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74405087440542
7429905
54386242
1.7 Jeneng papan Group
1.8 Space Group Number
2 facts
2.1 Facts Interesting
- Tembaga arang ditemokaké ing wangun murni ing alam.
- Tembaga Sulfat biasane digunakake ing racun tetanèn lan minangka algicide ing sistem banyu dimurnèkaké.
- Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
- metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.
2.2 sumber
Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 sing katutup
Unknown
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
Ing Timur Tengah (9000 SM)
ing taun 1880
2.4 turah mbrawah
2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
6 * 10-6 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.00007 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %ora Sumadhiya
1E-13
1.4
3 ulah
3.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- Iku digunakake kanggo koin lan bullion.
- Akèh unsur tembaga digunakake ing Manufaktur Alat listrik lan elektronik kayata wirings lan komponen. Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing construction lan mesin industri.
- wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
- Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).
3.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industri Kimia, Industry Elektronik
Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
3.1.2 Ulah Medical
3.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, koin, Jewellery
wesi
3.2 Properties biologi
3.2.1 keracunan
3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
3.2.3 Sang
1.01 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya
0
1970
3.2.4 ing Bone
26.00 ppmora Sumadhiya
0
170000
4 fisik
4.1 leleh Point
1,084.62 ° C1,311.00 ° C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,562.00 ° C3,233.00 ° C
147
5660
4.3 katon
4.3.1 State fisik
4.3.2 warna
4.3.3 luster
4.4 atose
4.4.1 Mohs atose
3.00ora Sumadhiya
0.2
8.5
4.4.2 Brinell atose
235.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers atose
343.00 MPa510.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Kacepetan swara
3,810.00 m / s2,680.00 m / s
818
16200
4.6 Properties Optical
4.6.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 reflectivity
90.00 %ora Sumadhiya
58
97
4.7 allotropes
4.7.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
5 Kimia
5.1 Formula Kimia
5.2 isotop
5.2.1 Isotop dikenal
5.3 keelektronegatifan
5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
1.98ora Sumadhiya
0.22
2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
1.49ora Sumadhiya
0.62
2.48
5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas
1.85ora Sumadhiya
0.659
2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 tenogo ionisasi
5.5.1 Level Energy 1st
745.50 kJ / mol593.40 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 Level Energy 2
1,957.90 kJ / mol1,170.00 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd
3,555.00 kJ / mol1,990.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 Level Energy 4
5,536.00 kJ / mol4,250.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 Level Energy 5th
7,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 Level Energy 6th
9,900.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7
13,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 Level Energy 8
16,000.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 Level Energy 9
19,200.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
14110
134700
5.5.10 Level Energy 10th
22,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
17100
144300
5.5.11 Level Energy 11
25,600.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
19900
169988
5.5.12 Level Energy 12
35,600.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
22219
189368
5.5.13 Level Energy 13
38,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
26930
76015
5.5.14 Level Energy 14
42,000.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
29196
86450
5.5.15 Level Energy 15
46,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
41987
97510
5.5.16 Level Energy 16
50,200.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
47206
109480
5.5.17 Level Energy 17
53,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
52737
122200
5.5.18 Level Energy 18
61,100.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
58570
134810
5.5.19 Level Energy 19
64,702.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
5.5.20 Level Energy 20
163,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
5.5.21 Level Energy 21
174,100.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
5.5.22 Level Energy 22
184,900.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd
198,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
5.5.24 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
5.5.25 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
5.5.26 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
5.5.27 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
5.5.28 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
5.5.29 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
5.5.30 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
5.6 padha karo elektrokimia
1.19 g / amp-day1.96 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Fungsi Work elektron
5.8 Properties Kimia liyane
Kimia Stabilitas, Corrosion, ionisasi, kelarutan
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
6 atom
6.1 Panggil atom
6.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 1
[Xe] 4F 7 5d 1 6s 2
6.3 Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal pola
6.4 atom
6.4.1 Jumlah proton
6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron
6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron
6.5 Radius saka Atom
6.5.1 Radius atom
128.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 kovalen Radius
132.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Bobot atom
63.55 Amu47.87 Amu
6.94
294
6.7 Volume atom
7.10 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Nomer atom jejer
6.8.1 unsur Previous
6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur
6.9 Potensi Valence Electron
34.00 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Constant pola
361.49 pm363.60 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya1.59
1.567
1.886
7 Teknik
7.1 Kapadhetan
7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
8.96 g / cm 37.90 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
8.02 g / cm37.40 g / cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
7.3 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 meksa beluk
7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya7.39 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
7.5 situs kelenturan
7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan
48.00 GPA21.80 GPA
1.3
222
7.5.2 pengaturan akeh
140.00 GPA37.90 GPA
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan
120.00 GPA54.80 GPA
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson rasio
7.7 Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile, malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Ciri Magnetic
8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
diamagnetic
Ferromagnetic
8.1.3 permeabilitas
1.256629 * 10-6 H / mora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 kelemahan
-9.63 * 10-6ora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Properties Listrik
8.2.1 Property Listrik
8.2.2 resistivity
16.78 nΩ · m1.31 nΩ · m
0.18
961
8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.60 10 6 / cm Ω0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 elektron Affinity
222.80 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol
0
222.8
9 termal
9.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.38 J / (kg K)0.23 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
24.44 J / mol · K37.03 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
9.3 doyo termal
401.00 W / m · K10.60 W / m · K
6.3
429
9.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
9.5 Expansion termal
16.50 μm / (m · K)9.40 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
9.6 enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
283.70 kJ / mol359.40 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
7.11 kJ / mol10.05 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
338.90 kJ / mol352.00 kJ / mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard molar Entropy
33.20 J / mol.K68.10 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1