1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.7 Panggil periode
2.5 Block
2.6 Family unsur
2.7 CAS Number
744032622537195
7429905
54386242
1.2 Jeneng papan Group
1.3 Space Group Number
194.00ora Sumadhiya
11
229
2 facts
2.1 Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Punika sacara sintesis diprodhuksi logam.
- resiko radiation bisa gawé dening iku.
2.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Némbakaké californium-252 karo Boron inti, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 turah mbrawah
2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %ora Sumadhiya
5E-09
0.11
3.3.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
6.2.2 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %ora Sumadhiya
1.7E-07
22
6.5.1 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %ora Sumadhiya
9.9E-12
8.1
7.3.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %ora Sumadhiya
2E-23
1.1
7.5.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1E-13
1.4
8 ulah
8.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- Efesus saiki dikenal saka logam Lawrencium sing winates kanggo riset waé mung.
8.1.2 Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
NA
8.1.3 Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
8.1.4 Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
NA
8.2 Properties biologi
8.2.1 keracunan
8.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
8.2.3 Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3
0
1970
1.5.2 ing Bone
0.02 ppm0.00 ppm
0
170000
3 fisik
3.1 leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C1,627.00 ° C
27
3410
4.10 Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° Cora Sumadhiya
147
5660
6.3 katon
6.3.1 State fisik
6.3.2 warna
6.3.3 luster
6.4 atose
6.4.1 Mohs atose
3.00ora Sumadhiya
0.2
8.5
6.6.2 Brinell atose
390.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
0.14
3490
6.6.10 Vickers atose
295.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
121
3430
6.10 Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / sora Sumadhiya
818
16200
7.3 Properties Optical
7.3.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
7.5.1 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58
97
7.8 allotropes
7.8.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
7.8.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
7.8.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
8 Kimia
8.1 Formula Kimia
8.2 isotop
8.2.1 Isotop dikenal
1.3 keelektronegatifan
1.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30ora Sumadhiya
0.7
2.54
2.3.1 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.22
2.56
2.8.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11ora Sumadhiya
0.86
1.82
2.12.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.62
2.48
3.4.2 Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.659
2.7
3.7 Electropositivity
3.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.70ora Sumadhiya
1.46
3.3
3.9 tenogo ionisasi
3.9.1 Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol470.00 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
4.2.2 Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol1,428.00 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
4.2.10 Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol2,228.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
2.1.1 Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol4,910.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
3.2.1 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
4305.2
97510
4.3.1 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
5715.8
105800
4.5.2 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
7226.8
114300
4.10.2 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
8857.4
125300
5.5.2 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
14110
134700
6.2.3 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
17100
144300
6.5.6 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
19900
169988
7.1.6 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
22219
189368
7.5.1 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26930
76015
9.1.1 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
29196
86450
10.6.1 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
41987
97510
11.2.1 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
47206
109480
12.1.1 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
52737
122200
12.6.2 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58570
134810
12.11.4 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
12.14.1 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
12.16.2 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
13.3.1 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
13.6.3 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
13.9.1 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
13.12.2 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
14.3.1 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
14.6.2 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
16.1.2 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
16.3.2 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
16.3.7 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
16.5 padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day3.23 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
16.10 Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eVora Sumadhiya
2.14
5.65
17.2 Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
18 atom
18.1 Panggil atom
18.7 Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Rn] 5F 14 7s 2 7p 1
18.8 Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
18.9.2 Crystal pola
18.10 atom
18.10.1 Jumlah proton
18.11.8 Jumlah Neutron
18.14.1 Jumlah Èlèktron
21.2 Radius saka Atom
21.2.1 Radius atom
179.80 pmora Sumadhiya
112
265
22.1.4 kovalen Radius
206.00 pmora Sumadhiya
96
260
22.8.3 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm246.00 pm
139
348
22.10 Bobot atom
232.04 Amu266.00 Amu
6.94
294
22.12 Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / molora Sumadhiya
1.39
71.07
24.3 Nomer atom jejer
24.3.1 unsur Previous
24.3.2 Sabanjure unsur
24.4 Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)ora Sumadhiya
8
392.42
24.8 Constant pola
508.42 pmora Sumadhiya
228.58
891.25
24.11 pola Angles
24.12 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.567
1.886
25 Teknik
25.1 Kapadhetan
25.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3ora Sumadhiya
0.534
40.7
25.6.1 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.512
20
25.9 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
25.12 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
26.3 meksa beluk
26.3.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.47E-11
121
26.4.3 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya
2.62E-10
774
26.5 situs kelenturan
26.5.1 nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
1.3
222
26.7.2 pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
1.6
462
26.8.4 Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
1.7
528
26.11 Poisson rasio
26.14 Properties Teknik liyane
27 Magnetic
27.1 Ciri Magnetic
27.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70ora Sumadhiya
0.53
4500
28.1.1 Nindakake Magnetic
28.1.2 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
29.1.1 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
29.9 Properties Listrik
29.9.1 Property Listrik
29.9.2 resistivity
157.00 nΩ · mora Sumadhiya
0.18
961
30.1.6 konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ωora Sumadhiya
0.00666
0.63
30.3.3 elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0
222.8
2 termal
2.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)ora Sumadhiya
0.11
3.6
2.3 Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · Kora Sumadhiya
16.443
62.7
1.4 doyo termal
54.00 W / m · Kora Sumadhiya
6.3
429
2.8 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
2.17 Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)ora Sumadhiya
4.5
97
4.6 enthalpy
4.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
7.32
799.1
5.3.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
2.1
35.23
5.6.2 Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
61.5
837
5.10 Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.Kora Sumadhiya
9.5
198.1