Californium vs Ytterbium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf
Yb
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440713
20
7440644
26
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1950
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
- It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C
99+
824.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C
99+
1,196.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
31
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
206.00 MPa
33
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf
Yb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.06
33
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr
15
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98
20
70
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
98
20
70
99+
Number of Neutrons
153
9
103
31
Number of Electrons
98
20
70
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
Not Available
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
242.00 pm
12
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu
17
173.05 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available
24.79 cm3/mol
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)
38
50.30 (-eV)
27
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm
99+
548.47 pm
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3
21
6.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
58.00 MPa
18
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
9.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
30.50 GPa
39
Young's Modulus
Not Available
23.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.21
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
15.10
13
6.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
Electron Affinity
Not Available
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
38.50 W/m·K
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available
26.30 K
7
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
59.90 J/mol.K
21
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