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Plutonium vs Americium

Plutonium
Americium
Americium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Am  
Group Number
0  
18
10  
8
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440359  
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
994.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
2,607.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,750.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
64.00 %  
19
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Am  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
22
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
23
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
3.02 g/amp-hr  
20
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
95  
23
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
95  
23
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
148  
13
Number of Electrons
94  
24
95  
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
173.00 pm  
23
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
243.00 amu  
20
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
17.86 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
44.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
346.81 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
12.00 g/cm3  
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
13.67 g/cm3  
26
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
13
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
26.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
44.00 GPa  
32
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
58.00 GPa  
36
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
13.67  
26
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
63.90 kJ/mol  
18
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,449.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
13.60 µm/(m·K)  
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
161.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
14.39 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
268.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
63.10 J/mol.K  
23
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