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Actinium Palladium Comparison

Actinium
Palladium
Palladium Actinium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Pd  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1902  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
27
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s  
32
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
37
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV  
23
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
89  
29
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
89  
29
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
9
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm  
31
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
9
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
40
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm3  
40
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa  
33
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa  
17
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa  
16
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
99+
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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