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Actinium vs Fermium

Actinium
Fermium
Fermium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Fm  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1902  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
27
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s  
32
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
37
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV  
23
4.47 eV  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
89  
29
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
157  
8
Number of Electrons
89  
29
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
9
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm  
31
245.00 pm  
13
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
9
350.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.63  
13
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
40
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm3  
40
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa  
33
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa  
17
50.00 GPa  
24
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa  
16
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
99+
9.70  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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