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Americium vs Barium

Americium
Barium
Barium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
Ba   
Group Number
Not Available   
2   
16
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7440393   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1944   
In 1772   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.03 %   
11
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
725.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
1,140.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.25   
19
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
Ba   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
37   
2
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
0.89   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.68   
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
0.97   
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.88   
22
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.88   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
3.11   
4
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.70 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
56   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Xe] 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
56   
99+
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
81   
99+
Number of Electrons
95   
23
56   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
222.00 pm   
4
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
215.00 pm   
5
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
268.00 pm   
6
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
137.33 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Cesium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Lanthanum
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
502.80 pm   
15
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
7.11 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
4.90 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
9.60 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
13.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
3.62   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
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