Americium

Dubnium

Americium vs Dubnium

Americium

Dubnium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA5

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

f block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

744035953850354

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Not Available

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00NA

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.

Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).

IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.

In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.

2.2 Sources

Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons

Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1944

In 1968

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NANA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NANA

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NANA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NANA

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.

Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

Unknown

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

994.00 °CNA

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,607.00 °CNA

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Unknown

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NANA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NANA

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NANA

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

1610

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.30NA

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.20NA

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NANA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.70NA

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

578.00 kJ/mol664.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,158.00 kJ/mol1,546.70 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,132.00 kJ/mol2,378.40 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,493.00 kJ/mol3,298.80 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA4,305.20 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.02 g/amp-hrNA

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NANA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

95105

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f⁷ 7s²

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

95105

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

148157

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

95105

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

173.00 pm139.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

180.00 pm149.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

244.00 pmNA

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

243.00 amu268.00 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

17.86 cm3/molNA

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

44.00 (-eV)NA

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

346.81 pmNA

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

12.00 g/cm³29.30 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NANA

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)NA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NANA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NANA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NANA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NANA

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

13.67NA

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Unknown

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

8.2.2 Resistivity

0.69 nΩ·mNA

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm ΩNA

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NANA

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.11 J/(kg K)NA

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

62.70 J/mol·KNA

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

10.00 W/m·KNA

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NANA

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NANA

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

14.39 kJ/molNA

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

268.00 kJ/molNA

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NANA

9.5 198.1

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