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Americium vs Francium

Americium
Francium
Francium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
Fr   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7440735   
18
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Formed by Decay Process, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Marguerite Perey   
Discovery
In 1944   
In 1939   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
27.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
677.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
NA   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
Fr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
0.70   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
0.86   
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.68   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.67   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
3.30   
1
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
8.32 g/amp-hr   
1
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
87   
31
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Rn] 7s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
87   
31
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
136   
17
Number of Electrons
95   
23
87   
31
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
Not Available   
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
260.00 pm   
1
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
348.00 pm   
1
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
223.00 amu   
27
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Polonium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Radium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
8.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
1.87 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
3.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
15.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
71.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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