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Americium vs Gold

Americium
Gold
Gold vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am  
Au  
Group Number
Not Available  
11  
7
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440359  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1944  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.02 p.p.m.  
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
216.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
2.54  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
27
1.42  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.87  
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.92  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr  
17
2.45 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
5.10 eV  
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95  
23
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95  
23
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
148  
12
118  
23
Number of Electrons
95  
23
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm  
21
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
21
144.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
10
166.00 pm  
39
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu  
20
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol  
29
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)  
40
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.61  
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3  
30
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
17.31 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
120.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
13
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
27.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67  
15
19.32  
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
25.42 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
324.40 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol  
24
12.55 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol  
40
364.00 kJ/mol  
25
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
47.40 J/mol.K  
32
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