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Americium vs Magnesium

Americium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
Mg   
Group Number
Not Available   
2   
16
Period Number
7   
3   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7439954   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Joseph Black   
Discovery
In 1944   
In 1755   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.07 %   
2
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
12.00 %   
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
2.90 %   
4
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.13 %   
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.03 %   
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
650.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
1,107.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
260.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
74.00 %   
7
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
Mg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
15   
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.31   
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.32   
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.37   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.29   
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.69   
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
7th Energy level
Not Available   
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.66 eV   
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
12   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Ne] 3s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
12   
99+
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
95   
23
12   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
141.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
173.00 pm   
37
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
24.31 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
320.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
17.00 GPa   
37
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
45.00 GPa   
25
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
45.00 GPa   
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
1.74   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
156.00 W/m·K   
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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