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Americium vs Tungsten

Americium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am  
W  
Group Number
10  
8
6  
12
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440359  
99+
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
-  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
Physical
Melting Point
994.00 °C  
99+
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C  
99+
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
3,430.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
2,750.00 m/s  
99+
4,620.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.10  
11
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Am  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.36  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.98  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.40  
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.36  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.47  
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7th Energy level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
10th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
11th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
12th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
14th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
16th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
18th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
19th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
21st Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
22
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
23rd Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
23
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
25th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
26th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
27th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
28th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
29th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
30th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr  
20
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
95  
23
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95  
23
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
148  
13
110  
28
Number of Electrons
95  
23
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm  
23
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu  
20
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)  
99+
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm  
99+
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3  
32
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.67 g/cm3  
26
17.60 g/cm3  
15
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
13
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
44.00 GPa  
32
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
58.00 GPa  
36
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67  
26
19.22  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
63.90 kJ/mol  
18
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
1,449.00 K  
99+
3,695.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
13.60 µm/(m·K)  
32
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
161.00 kJ/mol  
99+
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol  
27
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol  
99+
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
63.10 J/mol.K  
23
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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