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Americium vs Uranium

Americium
Uranium
Uranium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
U   
Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7440611   
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Cmcm   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
63.00   
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Not Available   
Discovery
In 1944   
In 1789   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-8 %   
29
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
1,132.00 °C   
39
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
3,818.00 °C   
16
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
2,350.00 MPa   
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,155.00 m/s   
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
U   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.38   
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.22   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.62   
26
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.63 eV   
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
92   
26
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
92   
26
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
146   
13
Number of Electrons
95   
23
92   
26
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
186.00 pm   
33
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
238.03 amu   
21
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Protactinium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Neptunium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
19.10 g/cm3   
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
17.30 g/cm3   
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.01 (Pa)   
20
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
111.00 GPa   
10
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
100.00 GPa   
16
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
208.00 GPa   
10
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.23   
30
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
18.80   
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
27.50 W/m·K   
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
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