Berkelium Barium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk
Ba
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Actinide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440406
99+
7440393
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovery
In 1949
In 1772
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.03 %
11
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
70.00 p.p.m.
9
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C
99+
725.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C
40
1,140.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.25
19
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,620.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk
Ba
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
14
25
37
2
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
0.89
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.68
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.88
22
Allen Electronegativity
2.70
1
0.88
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
3.11
4
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.70 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97
21
56
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Xe] 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
97
21
56
99+
Number of Neutrons
150
11
81
99+
Number of Electrons
97
21
56
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
222.00 pm
4
Covalent Radius
Not Available
215.00 pm
5
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
268.00 pm
6
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu
18
137.33 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available
39.24 cm3/mol
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)
36
21.30 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm
99+
502.80 pm
15
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3
22
3.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3
11
3.34 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
7.11 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
4.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
9.60 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
13.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
14.00
14
3.62
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
Not Available
332.00 nΩ·m
13
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
Electron Affinity
Not Available
13.95 kJ/mol
36
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
28.07 J/mol·K
12
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
18.40 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
62.50 J/mol.K
20
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