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Berkelium Tin Comparison

Berkelium
Tin
Tin Berkelium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
Sn  
Group Number
14  
4
14  
4
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1949  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
-  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
97  
21
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
Summary >>
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Actinide Series

Actinide Series

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