Berkelium Tin Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk
Sn
Group Number
Not Available
14
4
Period Number
7
5
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440406
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I41/amd
Space Group Number
194.00
5
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Unknown
Discovery
In 1949
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
NA
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C
99+
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C
40
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
14
25
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
2.70
1
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97
21
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
97
21
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
150
11
69
99+
Number of Electrons
97
21
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
Not Available
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu
18
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)
36
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3
22
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3
11
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
14.00
14
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
Not Available
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
Not Available
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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