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Berkelium vs Tin

Berkelium
Tin
Tin vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Sn   
Group Number
Not Available   
14   
4
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1949   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
NA   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
50.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
97   
21
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
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