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Tin vs Berkelium

Tin
Berkelium
Berkelium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Bk  
Group Number
14  
4
14  
4
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440406  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1949  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
986.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,627.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
1,070.00 MPa  
16
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Bk  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
14  
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
2.70  
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
97  
21
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
97  
21
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
150  
12
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
97  
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
45.50 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
341.60 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.57  
38
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
14.78 g/cm3  
23
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
13.25 g/cm3  
29
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
31
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
13.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
13.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
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