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Tin vs Mercury

Tin
Mercury
Mercury vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Hg   
Group Number
14   
4
12   
6
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
121   
22
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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