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Tin vs Mercury

Tin
Mercury
Mercury vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Hg  
Group Number
14  
4
12  
6
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
7
166.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %  
20
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %  
19
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
Not Available  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
13
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
16
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
Not Available  
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
18
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
32
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.00  
3
Reflectivity
Not Available  
73.00 %  
8
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
8
2.00  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
15
2.20  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
4
1.44  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
3
1.81  
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
11
1.44  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
16
4.49 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
121  
22
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
38
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
23
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
32
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
34
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
36
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
20
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
36
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
13.53  
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
23
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
8
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
20
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,750.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
20
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
32
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
35
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
29
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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