Tin vs Indium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
In
Group Number
14
4
13
5
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440746
17
Space Group Name
I41/amd
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
141.00
7
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Medical Research
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
Not Available
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
8.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
66
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
0.01 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
Not Available
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
57.80 J/mol.K
22
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