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Tin Indium Comparison

Tin
Indium
Indium Tin comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
In  
Group Number
14  
4
13  
5
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440746  
17
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
I4/mmm  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
139.00  
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1863  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
156.61 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,000.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
8.80 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
0.01 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
3.41  
1
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
In  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.78  
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
2.14  
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.49  
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.76  
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.66  
21
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.22  
38
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
19
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
40
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
26
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
55,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5,581.00 kJ/mol  
24
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.12 eV  
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
49  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
49  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
66  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
49  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
167.00 pm  
26
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
193.00 pm  
38
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
114.82 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
15.70 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Cadmium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Tin
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
54.00 (-eV)  
26
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
325.23 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
7.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
2.50 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.01 (Pa)  
11
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
46.90 GPa  
27
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
11.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
34
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.12 106/cm Ω  
20
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
81.80 W/m·K  
21
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
429.75 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
226.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
57.80 J/mol.K  
27
Summary >>
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