Indium Tin Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Sn
Group Number
13
5
14
4
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440746
17
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
I41/amd
Space Group Number
139.00
8
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Unknown
Discovery
In 1863
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
Not Available
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
69
99+
Number of Electrons
49
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
0.00 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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