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Indium vs Copper

Indium
Copper
Copper vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Cu   
Group Number
13   
5
11   
7
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1863   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
Not Available   
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Copper   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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