Indium vs Copper
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Cu
Group Number
13
5
11
7
Period Number
5
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440746
17
7440508
37
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
139.00
8
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Unknown
Discovery
In 1863
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
Not Available
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Copper
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
49
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
1.53 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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