Tin vs Polonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Po
Group Number
14
4
16
2
Period Number
5
6
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440086
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
221.00
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
254.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
Yes
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
α-polonium
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
2.48
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
812.10 kJ/mol
14
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
84
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
84
32
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
50
99+
84
32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
168.00 pm
23
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
197.00 pm
29
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
209.00 amu
28
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
Not Available
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
335.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
9.20 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
9.40 g/cm3
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
Not Available
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
Not Available
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