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Tin vs Polonium

Tin
Polonium
Polonium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Po   
Group Number
14   
4
16   
2
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
Not Available   
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