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Polonium vs Tin

Polonium
Tin
Tin vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Sn   
Group Number
16   
2
14   
4
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1898   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
50.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
Yes   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
84   
32
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
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