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Polonium vs Tin

Polonium
Tin
Tin vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Sn  
Group Number
16  
2
14  
4
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
221.00  
3
141.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1898  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
4 * 10-7 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000009 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
1.40 p.p.m.  
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
1.50  
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,730.00 m/s  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes  
Yes  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
7
1.96  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.49  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
2
1.72  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
2.21  
3
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.82  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
Not Available  
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
4.42 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84  
32
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
19
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
84  
32
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
23
140.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
29
217.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
13
16.30 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available  
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
19
6.99 g/cm3  
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
18.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
58.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
50.00 GPa  
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
31
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω  
23
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
107.30 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
28
27.11 J/mol·K  
20
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
290.40 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
26
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
301.30 kJ/mol  
35
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
51.20 J/mol.K  
29
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