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Tin Polonium Comparison

Tin
Polonium
Polonium Tin comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Po  
Group Number
14  
4
16  
2
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
Yes  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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