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Polonium vs Silver

Polonium
Silver
Silver vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Ag  
Group Number
16  
2
11  
7
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
-  
Discovery
In 1898  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
-  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
84  
32
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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