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Silver vs Polonium

Silver
Polonium
Polonium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Po   
Group Number
11   
7
16   
2
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
Not Available   
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