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Silver vs Polonium

Silver
Polonium
Polonium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Po  
Group Number
11  
7
16  
2
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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