Polonium vs Iron
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Fe
Group Number
16
2
8
10
Period Number
6
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
221.00
3
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Unknown
Discovery
In 1898
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
Not Available
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
Yes
Yes
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
β-polonium
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
1.64
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
30
99+
Number of Electrons
84
32
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
Not Available
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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