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Polonium vs Iron

Polonium
Iron
Iron vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Fe   
Group Number
16   
2
8   
10
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1898   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
Yes   
Yes   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.64   
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
84   
32
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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