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Iron vs Polonium

Iron
Polonium
Polonium vs Iron


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe  
Po  
Group Number
8  
10
16  
2
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439896  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %  
1
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %  
1
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %  
1
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %  
2
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C  
25
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C  
39
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa  
27
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s  
12
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
Yes  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
beta Iron  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fe  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83  
15
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64  
9
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.80  
15
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
26  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
26  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)  
20
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.35  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa  
1
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa  
11
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa  
9
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.01 H/m  
1
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
200,000.00  
1
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K  
22
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K  
29
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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