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Polonium vs Zinc

Polonium
Zinc
Zinc vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Zn  
Group Number
16  
2
12  
6
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
221.00  
3
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
In 1898  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
3 * 10-5 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0002 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
327.00 MPa  
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
3,850.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.00  
2
Reflectivity
Not Available  
80.00 %  
5
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
7
1.65  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.23  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
2
1.66  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.65  
11
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.59  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
Not Available  
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
4.33 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84  
32
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
19
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
84  
32
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
23
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
29
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
13
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available  
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
19
6.57 g/cm3  
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
70.00 GPa  
19
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
108.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
31
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
28
25.47 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
26
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
41.60 J/mol.K  
36
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