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Polonium vs Zinc

Polonium
Zinc
Zinc vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Zn  
Group Number
16  
2
12  
6
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
In 1898  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
327.00 MPa  
39
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
207.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,850.00 m/s  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
-  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.65  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
2.23  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.66  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.65  
20
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
84  
32
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
7
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
70.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
108.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
692.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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