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Polonium vs Zinc

Polonium
Zinc
Zinc vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Zn   
Group Number
16   
2
12   
6
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1898   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
327.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
84   
32
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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