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Zinc vs Polonium

Zinc
Polonium
Polonium vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn  
Po  
Group Number
12  
6
16  
2
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440666  
24
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
10
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %  
12
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
16
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
419.58 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa  
39
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
207.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s  
25
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zn  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65  
20
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23  
7
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66  
8
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65  
20
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35  
35
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
30  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
30  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
7
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa  
20
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa  
21
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K  
14
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
692.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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