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Zinc vs Polonium

Zinc
Polonium
Polonium vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn   
Po   
Group Number
12   
6
16   
2
Period Number
4   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440666   
24
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %   
10
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %   
12
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa   
32
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
2
Not Available   
Reflectivity
80.00 %   
5
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65   
19
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23   
6
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66   
7
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65   
11
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35   
35
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV   
17
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
30   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3   
37
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa   
19
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa   
19
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K   
14
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Not Available   
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