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Polonium vs Manganese

Polonium
Manganese
Manganese vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Mn   
Group Number
16   
2
7   
11
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7439965   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
I_ 43m   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
217.00   
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1774   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
8 * 10-4 %   
8
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.001 %   
8
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.27 %   
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.11 %   
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
1,245.00 °C   
37
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
1,962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
196.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,150.00 m/s   
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Mn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.55   
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.60   
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.75   
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.45   
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.10 eV   
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
25   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
25   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
84   
32
25   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
127.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
54.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
220.00 (-eV)   
2
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
891.25 pm   
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
120.00 GPa   
14
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
198.00 GPa   
12
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
7.21   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
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