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Manganese vs Thallium

Manganese
Thallium
Thallium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn   
Tl   
Group Number
7   
11
13   
5
Period Number
4   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439965   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
217.00   
4
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1774   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %   
8
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %   
8
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %   
8
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %   
8
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C   
37
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C   
99+
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa   
99+
26.50 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s   
7
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55   
25
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60   
9
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.75   
15
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45   
29
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV   
25
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
123   
20
Number of Electrons
25   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)   
2
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm   
1
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
12
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa   
14
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa   
12
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21   
99+
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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