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Polonium vs Chromium

Polonium
Chromium
Chromium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Cr   
Group Number
16   
2
6   
12
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1898   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
84   
32
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
Periodic Table >>
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