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Zinc Polonium Comparison


Polonium Zinc comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Zn   
Po   

Group Number
12   
6
16   
2

Period Number
4   
6   

Block
d block   
p block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440666   
24
7440086   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Pm-3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
221.00   
3

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   

Discovery
Before 1000 BCE   
In 1898   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %   
10
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %   
12
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
16
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
6
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   

Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
419.58 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
907.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa   
32
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
1.00   
2
Not Available   

Reflectivity
80.00 %   
5
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
Yes   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Zn   
Po   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
25   
14
29   
10

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.65   
19
2.00   
7

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23   
6
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66   
7
1.76   
2

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65   
11
2.48   
1

Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
2.19   
2

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.35   
35
2.00   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
812.10 kJ/mol   
14

2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   

3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8

Electron Work Function
4.33 eV   
17
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
30   
99+
84   
32

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
30   
99+
84   
32

Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
125   
19

Number of Electrons
30   
99+
84   
32

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
168.00 pm   
23

Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
197.00 pm   
29

Atomic Weight
65.38 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28

Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Copper
  
Bismuth
  

Next Element
Gallium
  
Francium
  

Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   

Lattice Constant
266.49 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3   
37
9.40 g/cm3   
19

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa   
19
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa   
19
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.90   
99+
9.32   
31

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
183.30 kJ/mol   
3

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40

Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
26.40 J/mol·K   
28

Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K   
14
20.00 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26

Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Not Available   

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