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Polonium Iron Comparison

Polonium
Iron
Iron Polonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Fe  
Group Number
16  
2
8  
10
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
-  
Discovery
In 1898  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
Yes  
Yes  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
84  
32
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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