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Polonium vs Mercury

Polonium
Mercury
Mercury vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Hg   
Group Number
16   
2
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1898   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
121   
22
Number of Electrons
84   
32
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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