Polonium Mercury Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Hg
Group Number
16
2
12
6
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
221.00
3
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1898
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
80
36
Number of Neutrons
125
19
121
22
Number of Electrons
84
32
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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