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Mercury Polonium Comparison

Mercury
Polonium
Polonium Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Po  
Group Number
12  
6
16  
2
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
125  
20
Number of Electrons
80  
36
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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