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Mercury vs Polonium

Mercury
Polonium
Polonium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Po   
Group Number
12   
6
16   
2
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
125   
19
Number of Electrons
80   
36
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
Not Available   
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