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Silver vs Nickel

Silver
Nickel
Nickel vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Ni   
Group Number
11   
7
10   
8
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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