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Nickel vs Iron

Nickel
Iron
Iron vs Nickel


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni  
Fe  
Group Number
10  
8
8  
10
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440020  
99+
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1751  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %  
4
1.1 * 10-1 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %  
3
~0.1 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %  
3
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
15
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.01 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
18
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C  
31
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C  
38
2,750.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
10
4.00  
10
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa  
18
200.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa  
16
608.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s  
12
5,120.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
9
65.00 %  
12
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
gamma Iron  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91  
10
1.83  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94  
10
2.20  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
3
1.64  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.88  
6
1.80  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09  
99+
2.17  
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
25
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
16
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
15
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
16
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
12
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available  
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV  
2
4.70 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
31  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
28  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
40
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3  
29
6.98 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa  
11
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
31
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)  
6
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa  
12
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa  
11
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90  
33
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
2
6.3 * 10-3 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
600.00  
2
2,00,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
13
0.10 106/cm Ω  
20
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol  
6
15.70 kJ/mol  
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K  
31
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K  
18
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol  
20
351.00 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
14.90 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol  
17
414.20 kJ/mol  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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