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Nickel vs Iron

Nickel
Iron
Iron vs Nickel


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni   
Fe   
Group Number
10   
8
8   
10
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440020   
99+
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1751   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %   
4
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %   
3
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %   
3
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
15
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
14
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C   
31
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C   
38
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00   
10
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa   
18
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa   
16
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s   
12
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
72.00 %   
9
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91   
10
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94   
10
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.64   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.88   
6
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09   
99+
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV   
2
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28   
99+
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
31   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
28   
99+
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm   
99+
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm   
40
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu   
99+
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm   
99+
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3   
29
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa   
11
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)   
6
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa   
12
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa   
11
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90   
33
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
2
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
600.00   
2
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K   
18
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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