Nickel vs Iron
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni
Fe
Group Number
10
8
8
10
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440020
99+
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Unknown
Discovery
In 1751
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %
4
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %
3
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %
3
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
15
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
14
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
18
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C
31
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C
38
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa
18
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa
16
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s
12
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
72.00 %
9
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91
10
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94
10
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.64
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.88
6
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09
99+
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
25
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV
2
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
28
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
31
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
28
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm
99+
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)
99+
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm
99+
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3
29
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa
11
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
31
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)
6
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa
12
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa
11
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.90
33
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
2
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
600.00
2
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m
39
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol
6
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K
31
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K
18
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol
20
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol
17
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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