Iron vs Manganese
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe
Mn
Group Number
8
10
7
11
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439896
99+
7439965
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
I_ 43m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
217.00
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1774
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
8 * 10-4 %
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %
1
~0.001 %
8
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %
1
0.27 %
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %
2
0.11 %
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
12
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %
5
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
5
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
25
1,245.00 °C
37
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
37
1,962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa
40
196.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
8
5,150.00 m/s
7
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
65.00 %
12
Not Available
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
β Allotropes
beta Iron
Not Available
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe
Mn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83
14
1.55
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64
8
1.60
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.80
12
1.75
15
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17
40
2.45
29
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
17
717.30 kJ/mol
30
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV
10
4.10 eV
25
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26
99+
25
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
26
99+
25
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
26
99+
25
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm
99+
127.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu
99+
54.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
20
220.00 (-eV)
2
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm
99+
891.25 pm
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
99+
7.21 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3
35
5.95 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
1
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
0.00 (Pa)
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)
5
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa
11
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
120.00 GPa
14
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa
9
198.00 GPa
12
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.20
99+
7.21
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Not Available
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00
1
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m
32
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
34
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
22
7.81 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
23
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
22
14.64 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
19
280.30 kJ/mol
38
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
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