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Polonium vs Sodium

Polonium
Sodium
Sodium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Na   
Group Number
16   
2
1   
17
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
p block   
s block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440235   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1807   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-3 %   
6
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.004 %   
6
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.55 %   
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
2.30 %   
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
1.10 %   
1
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.14 %   
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
97.72 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
883.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.50   
22
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.69 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,200.00 m/s   
24
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Na   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
0.93   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.56   
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.01   
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
0.91   
21
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
0.87   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
3.07   
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
7th Energy level
Not Available   
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.75 eV   
40
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
11   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Ne] 3s1   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
11   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
84   
32
11   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
166.00 pm   
27
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
227.00 pm   
21
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
22.99 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
429.06 pm   
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
3.30 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
6.30 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
10.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
0.97   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
142.00 W/m·K   
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,573.00 K   
2
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
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