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Mercury vs Bismuth

Mercury
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Bi   
Group Number
12   
6
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
70.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
126   
18
Number of Electrons
80   
36
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
NA   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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