Bismuth vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Zn
Group Number
15
3
12
6
Period Number
6
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440666
24
Space Group Name
C12/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
12.00
12
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1753
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
35
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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