Zinc vs Bismuth
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn
Bi
Group Number
12
6
15
3
Period Number
4
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440666
24
7440699
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
C12/m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %
11
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %
10
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %
12
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
16
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
10
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
6
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.
6
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C
99+
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C
99+
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa
32
70.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s
18
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
2
Not Available
Reflectivity
80.00 %
5
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65
19
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23
6
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66
7
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65
11
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35
35
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol
6
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV
17
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
30
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
126
18
Number of Electrons
30
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm
99+
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu
99+
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)
99+
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm
99+
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3
37
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa
19
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa
19
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.90
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m
40
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K
39
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K
14
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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