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Bismuth vs Cobalt

Bismuth
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Co   
Group Number
15   
3
9   
9
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In 1753   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
83   
33
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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