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Cobalt vs Indium


Indium vs Cobalt


Periodic Table

Symbol
Co   
In   

Group Number
9   
9
13   
5

Period Number
4   
5   

Block
d block   
p block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440484   
38
7440746   
17

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I4/mmm   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
139.00   
8

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  

Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Georg Brandt   
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   

Discovery
In 1732   
In 1863   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
3 * 10-8 %   
28

Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.0000004 %   
23

Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %   
10
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   

Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Research   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
Not Available   

In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,495.00 °C   
29
156.61 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C   
34
2,000.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
1.20   
20

Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa   
26
8.80 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s   
14
1,215.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
Not Available   

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
α-Cobalt   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
β-Cobalt   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Co   
In   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
35   
4

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.88   
12
1.78   
16

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56   
1
2.14   
8

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70   
5
1.49   
13

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
10

Allen Electronegativity
1.84   
10
1.66   
18

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.12   
99+
2.22   
38

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18

3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39

4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17

5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
5.00 eV   
5
4.12 eV   
24

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
22   
99+
49   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
22   
99+
49   
99+

Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
66   
99+

Number of Electrons
22   
99+
49   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
167.00 pm   
24

Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
142.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
193.00 pm   
31

Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
114.82 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
15.70 cm3/mol   
33

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Iron
  
Cadmium
  

Next Element
Nickel
  
Tin
  

Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
54.00 (-eV)   
25

Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
325.23 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
7.31 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
7.02 g/cm3   
33

Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
2.50 MPa   
21

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.01 (Pa)   
11

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
11.00 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
4,500.00   
1
7.31   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
83.70 nΩ·m   
34

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17

Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
28.90 kJ/mol   
31

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27

Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
26.74 J/mol·K   
25

Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
81.80 W/m·K   
21

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
226.40 kJ/mol   
40

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
57.80 J/mol.K   
22

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