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Indium vs Cobalt

Indium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Co   
Group Number
13   
5
9   
9
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
Not Available   
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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